China : Possible Missile Technology Transfers from U. S. Satellite Export Policy — Actions and Chronology

By Kan, Shirley A.

Book Id: WPLBN0000172029
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.3 MB
Reproduction Date: 2008

Title:	China : Possible Missile Technology Transfers from U. S. Satellite Export Policy — Actions and Chronology
Author:	Kan, Shirley A.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Government publications, Legislation., Government Printing Office (U.S.)
Collections:	Government Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	Government Printing Office


Citation APA MLA Chicago A. Ka, B. S. (n.d.). China : Possible Missile Technology Transfers from U. S. Satellite Export Policy — Actions and Chronology. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.us/

Excerpt
Summary: Congress has been concerned about whether U.S. firms, in activities connected with exporting satellites, provided expertise to China for use in its ballistic missile and space programs and whether U.S. policy has facilitated transfers of military related technology to China. This CRS Report discusses security concerns, policy changes, congressional action, and a chronology of major developments since 1988 under President Reagan. It is updated as warranted.

Table of Contents
Contents Congressional Concerns and Issues for Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Security Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 China’s Aerospace Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Missile Technology or Expertise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Security Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Loral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Beyond the Loral Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Motorola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Hughes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Lockheed Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Military Benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Administration and Congressional Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Policies on Sanctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Tiananmen Crackdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Missile Proliferation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Waivers for Post-Tiananmen Sanctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Additional Congressional Mandates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Hearings of the 105th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Cox Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Clinton Administration’s Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Senate Task Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Clinton Administration’s Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Export Controls and Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Senator Specter’s Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 105th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 106th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 107th Congress and 108th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Denied and Pending Satellite Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Congressional Oversight and Bush Policy Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 APMT and China’s Military . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Chinasat-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Other Satellite Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Chronology of Major Events Since 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44